An Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula is an irregular connection between artery and a vein. Usually, blood flows from the arteries to tiny blood vessels (capillaries), and then on to the veins.

A Permacath insertion is the placement of a special IV line into the blood vessel in your neck or upper chest just under the collarbone. This type of catheter is used for short-term dialysis treatment.

Anterior approach to the Internal Jugular Vein is the best option to easiest route with a low risk of complications, in which a tunneled catheter is surgically inserted into a vein in the neck or chest and passed under the skin.

Renal biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small tissues of kidney is removed from the body for examination, usually under a microscope. Microscopic examination of the tissue can provide information needed to diagnose, monitor or treat problems of the kidney.